El presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, ordenó ayer tomar Washington, donde desplegó el ejército ante la cuarta noche consecutiva de protestas en la capital tras la muerte en Mineápolis de George Floyd. Éste, un ciudadano negro de 46 años, falleció el lunes de la semana pasada asfixiado por el agente de policía Dereck Chauvin, cuya detención tardó tres días en ordenarse. La muerte de Floyd ha desatado una oleada de protestas a lo largo y ancho de Estados Unidos. Trump está afrontando la conmoción del país con un discurso incendiario.
Según The Wall Street Journal, 67.000 efectivos de la Guardia Nacional fueron desplegados ayer en 23 Estados y la capital del país, la cifra más alta de la historia de Estados Unidos. La Guardia Nacional es un cuerpo de reservistas del ejército al que pueden recurrir los gobernadores en situaciones de emergencia. El récord anterior fueron los 51.000 desplegados en 2005 por el huracán Katrina. A pesar de todo, la jornada de ayer transcurrió en la mayoría de las ciudades con menos incidentes que el domingo. En Washington, sólo hubo algunos altercados puntuales por la noche, una vez terminadas las manifestaciones.
La alcaldesa de la capital, la demócrata Muriel Bowser, había anunciado por la mañana un toque de queda para ayer y hoy a partir de las 19.00 horas, y desde por la tarde la ciudad empezó a estar tomada por todo tipo de fuerzas del orden: la policía local, el ejército, la guardia nacional y patrullas del FBI y la DEA, a las que se sumaban varios helicópteros de vigilancia.
El hermano de George Floyd hace un llamamiento a los manifestantes: «Educaos y sabed por quién vais a votar, así es como hay que golpearlos»
En Washington acabaría habiendo al menos varias decenas de detenidos pero en su práctica totalidad no por actos violentos sino por saltarse el toque de queda como señal de protesta pacífica. La tensión de otros días había sido rebajada desde la mañana en Mineápolis, donde el hermano de George Floyd, Terrence, lo advirtió sin ambages: «Hagamos esto de otro modo. Dejemos de pensar que nuestra voz no cuenta. Educaos y sabed por quién vais a votar, así es como hay que golpearlos. [Con violencia] no se consigue nada. Eso no va a traer a mi hermano de vuelta».
Pero Trump no sólo se conformó con desplegar el ejército en Washington sino que amenazó con hacerlo en todos los Estados del país. «Si no despliegan la guardia nacional, yo desplegaré el ejército por ellos», amenazó, para encender el ambiente. La afirmación resultó muy controvertida, puesto que no está claro que el presidente tenga esa potestad en los Estados Unidos de hoy.
La agencia AP informó de que, según la Ley Posse Comitatus de la época de la Guerra Civil, las tropas federales tienen prohibido realizar acciones en territorio nacional, como llevar a cabo detenciones, confiscar propiedades o registrar a personas, sin embargo, añadió la agencia, en casos extremos, el presidente puede invocar la Ley de Insurrección, también de la Guerra Civil, que permitiría el uso de tropas en servicio activo para hacer cumplir la ley.
En cualquier caso, Trump culminó así varios días de críticas y acusaciones contra los Estados, a los que acusa de blandos e inoperantes y de dejar que quienes realizan actos violentos (una minoría) se salgan con la suya. El presidente tuvo ayer una conversación por la mañana con los gobernadores y tuvo sus más y sus menos con ellos.
Una de las llamadas más tensas la mantuvo con el de Illinois, el demócrata Jay Pritzker. Según informa el medio de Washington Politico, Pritzker no se cortó con Trump: «He estado extraordinariamente preocupado por la retórica que has estado usando. Está siendo inflamatoria. Tenemos que llamar a la calma. Hemos llamado a nuestra Guardia Nacional y a la policía del Estado, pero la retórica que viene de la Casa Blanca lo está empeorando todo», le espetó Pritzker, a lo que Trump respondió: «A mí tampoco me gusta tu retórica. Creo que podías haber hecho un mucho mejor trabajo».
Poco antes de que entrara en vigor el toque de queda en la capital a las 19.00 horas, Trump se dirigió a la nación desde un jardín de la Casa Blanca en una alocución televisada y volvió a las andadas. «Los americanos se han rebelado con razón por la brutal muerte de George Floyd. Mi administración está totalmente comprometida con que se haga justicia. No habrá muerto en vano», dijo el presidente en primera instancia, pero añadió: «No podemos permitir que los gritos justos de los manifestantes pacíficos sean ahogados por una turba furiosa. Lucharé para protegeros. Soy vuestro presidente de la ley y el orden».
Y, para terminar, volvió a la carga para desacreditar las protestas y ponerlo todo en el mismo saco sin apelar ni de pasa a los abusos policiales que se están produciendo (y que ha llevado, entre otras cosas, a la detención de varios periodistas). «En los últimos días», señaló, «nuestra nación se ha visto atrapada por anarquistas profesionales, turbas violentas, incendiarios, saqueadores, criminales, alborotadores, antifa y otro».
Pero las palabras inflamatorias de Trump no fueron sólo palabras. Minutos después y unos 20 minutos antes del toque de queda, llegó otra controvertida decisión del presidente: ordenó dispersar a las personas que se aglomeraban pacíficamente en la plaza Lafayette, justo en frente de la Casa Blanca. Y se hizo con gases lacrimógenos y lanzando pelotas de goma ¿El motivo? Una vez que la zona se aclaró y las fuerzas del orden desalojaron la plaza y el entorno, Trump salió de su residencia oficial para ir hasta la Iglesia de San Juan, frente al parque, donde se hizo una foto con una biblia en la mano. Dicho templo fue dañado en las protestas del domingo y Trump no dejó de aprovechar la oportunidad.
«Sosteniendo una Biblia, una que declara que Dios es amor, cuando todo lo que ha dicho y hecho ha sido para encender la violencia» dijo lal obispo de Washigton
El oportunismo de la foto con la biblia en la mano en la Iglesia de San Juan, no pasó, lógicamente, desapercibido para la diócesis episcopal propietaria del templo. Mariann Budde, la obispo de Washington de dicha diócesis, aseguró al Washington Post que se enteró de la visita de Trump al verla en las noticias. «No quiero que el presidente Trump hable en San Juan», dijo Budde, que añadió con dureza: «Soy la obispo de la Diócesis Episcopal de Washington y no he recibido ni siquiera una llamada previa de cortesía. Han limpiado con gas lacrimógeno la zona para poder usar una de nuestras iglesias… [y con Trump] sosteniendo una Biblia, una que declara que Dios es amor, cuando todo lo que ha dicho y hecho ha sido para encender la violencia».
Sobre la decisión de ordenar el empleo de gases lacrimógenos y pelotas de goma para dispersar a la gente antes del toque queda, el periodista Carl Bernstein, responsable de la investigación sobre el Watergate contra Nixon, señaló en Twitter: «Hemos visto un ataque armado, instigado por el presidente de los Estados Unidos, contra manifestantes pacíficos y respetuosos con la ley, que ejercían sus derechos constitucionales. Todas las acciones y palabras de Trump han marcado la jornada día de hoy como un momento sombrío en la historia americana».
La senadora y excandidata presidencial Kamala Harris, denunció en un tuit: «Las palabras de Trump no han sido las palabras de un presidente sino de un dictador». Ed Markey, senador demócrata por Massachussets dijo: «Trump es escoria por alimentar el odio racista y la violencia en nuestro país». Cuando el gobernador de Nueva York, el demócrata Andrew Coumo, vio las imágenes de Trump blandiendo una biblia ante la iglesia, sentenció a la CNN: «Es una vergüenza». Coumo, que ha apoyado las protestas y es un fiero detractor de Trump, impuso ayer un toque de queda en Nueva York, donde no se declaraba uno desde 1943.
El senador Bernie Sanders también cargó contra el presidente: «Trump acaba de atacar a manifestantes pacíficos. No, señor presidente, esto no es una dictadura, esto son los Estados Unidos de América. Nuestros ciudadanos tienen el derecho constitucional de protestar pacíficamente. Se llama la Primera Enmienda».
La alcaldesa de Washington, Muriel Bowser, a quien Trump ha atacado en los últimos días, fue también muy dura con el presidente: «Impuse un toque de queda a las 19.00 horas y 25 minutos antes y sin haber recibido ninguna provocación, la policía federal usó munición sobre manifestantes pacíficos frente a la Casa Blanca, un acto que sólo hace el trabajo de la policía de Washington más difícil. ¡Una vergüenza!».
En Washington, ante los disturbios del domingo, a medida que pasaba la tarde, muchos negocios cerca de la Casa Blanca ya habían empezado a tapiarse, sobre todo bancos y farmacias, los más afectados la otra noche. A medida que se acercaba el toque de queda, los militares empezaron a hacerse notar y desplegarse y los manifestantes se encararon con ellos. «¡¡¡No estáis en Irak, hijos de perra, estáis en los Estados Unidos, que se joda Trump!!!», les gritaban en el cruce de la 16 con la I, a apenas 200 metros de la Casa Blanca. «¡A la mierda el toque de queda!», se oyó desde otro grupo cercano.
Y, por supuesto, no dejó de oírse el grito que ya es una letanía que atraviesa el país: I can’t breathe… I can breathe!!! ¡¡¡No puedo respirar!!!, que fueron de las últimas palabras que gritó George Floyd antes de morir asfixiado por la rodilla del agente Dereck Chauvin en Mineápolis el lunes de la semana pasada. El policía tardó tres días en ser detenido. Los tres agentes que contemplaron la escena siguen en libertad.
La autopsia independiente solicitada por la familia de George Floyd aseguró ayer que falleció por asfixia. El documento contradice así la primera versión de la autopsia oficial del municipio, que señaló que Floyd habría muerto por un cúmulo de condiciones preexistentes sumado al consumo de sustancias. La versión final de la autopsia oficial ha admitido finalmente que fue asfixiado. En cuanto a la autopsia de la familia, concreta que la muerte de Floyd fue un «homicidio causado por asfixia debido a la compresión en el cuello y espalda que llevó a una falta de flujo de oxígeno al cerebro».
Una familia que pide justicia en un país conmocionado, dirigido por un presidente que alienta más la gresca que la calma en medio de semanas de la epidemia de la covid-19, que ha llevado al paro a 40 millones de estadounidenses. Quizás esto explique un dato que reveló ayer The Washington Times: según la empresa Small Arms Analytics & Forecasting, en mayo se vendieron en Estados Unidos 1,7 millones de armas, un 80% más que en mayo del año pasado. El caso es que más de 40 ciudades tuvieron ayer un toque de queda. Washington y otras muchas ciudades vuelven a tenerlo hoy. Uno de los helicópteros que sobrevoló ayer la capital desde por la tarde no era un aparato convencional, eran uno de esos musculosos blackhawk, que hasta entrada la madrugada inundó el aire del Distrito de Columbia con su zumbido de guerra.
Fuente: Público
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