La rusa Valentina Tereshkova se convirtió en una leyenda en 1963 como primera cosmonauta
Valentina Tereshkova, la primera mujer que voló al espacio, cumple este lunes 80 años, rodeada del reconocimiento y admiración de sus compatriotas por la proeza que refrendó la delantera que en su momento llevaba la Unión Soviética a Estados Unidos en la carrera espacial. «Ese vuelo entró en la historia, fue una auténtica hazaña y un paso importante para el desarrollo de la cosmonáutica nacional, y hasta el día de hoy es un ejemplo de valor, sacrificio y amor por la patria», ha afirmado el primer ministro ruso, Dmitri Medvédev, en su mensaje de felicitación a la primera cosmonauta.
El 16 de junio de 1963, con apenas 26 años, Tereshkova despegó del cosmódromo de Baikonur a bordo de la nave ‘Vostok-6’ rumbo al viaje que inscribió con letras de oro su nombre en la historia de la conquista del espacio. En 70 horas y 50 minutos la ‘Vostok-6’ completó 48 vueltas al planeta y Tereshkova regresó a la Tierra convertida en una leyenda. Como se supo más tarde, fueron para ella casi tres días infernales por los vómitos que le causó el mareo durante la navegación espacial.
El viaje espacial pudo haber terminado en una tragedia, como reveló años después la propia Tereshkova. «Me percaté de que no podría regresar a la Tierra: la nave estaba orientada para seguir subiendo, no para descender. Informé de ello a la Tierra, desde donde me dieron nuevas coordenadas y las incorporé al sistema de navegación», desveló.
La única que ha viajado en solitario
Después de Tereshkova, decenas de mujeres de otras nacionalidades han viajado al cosmos, pero hasta ahora ella sigue siendo la única que lo ha hecho en solitario. A diferencia de EE UU, en la desaparecida Unión Soviética y, ahora, en Rusia, la profesión de astronauta es casi exclusiva de los hombres.
La senda de Tereshkova la siguió la soviética Svetlana Savítskaya, quien viajó en 1982 a bordo de la ‘Soyuz T-7’ y se convirtió en la primera mujer habitar una estación orbital, la ‘Saliut-7’, donde permaneció una semana. Doce años después, en octubre de 1994, la cosmonauta rusa Elena Kondakova viajó llegó a bordo de la ‘Soyuz TM-17’ a la estación Mir, donde cumplió donde vivió de octubre de 1994 a marzo de 1995 completando 164 días de permanencia en el espacio. Y no fue hasta 2014 que una mujer rusa volvió volar al espacio: Elena Seróva, quien formó parte de la expedición 41/42 a la Estación Espacial Internacional, se convirtió en la cuarta cosmonauta del país.
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